internet does`nt use satellites, they use the fibre pipelines in the oceans, the list on wiki is the network of the 300-1000Gbits pipes that connect countries together,

telecoms have to pay the owner of the fibre pipe to use, which telecoms buy as wholesale broadband

telecoms exchanges and cisco back bone of the net use geo ip to find the fastest route to the destination IP, IP ranges get assigned to countries, telecoms add them to the exchanges and network nodes which act as a big DNS server you get on a corporate LAN